In 1925 Yeats made a speech in the Irish Senate attacking what he saw as the narrowness of the new Free State in opposing divorce. When he exalted the Anglo-Irish thinkers of the eighteenth century (‘We are the people of Swift…’) he was interrupted by the Chairman, ‘Do you think we might leave the dead alone?’ Yeats replied, ‘I would hate to leave the dead alone.’

Again and again the impact of the vitality of the dead is found in his works: in Kathleen ni Houlihan and other plays, and in the poems, of which the passionate ‘September 1913’ may be seen as the form, with the concluding couplet of each stanza:

Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone,
It’s with O’Leary in the grave.

Professor Jeffares suggested the theme of Yeats the European for a conference in Monaco in the Princess Grace Irish Library and he had in mind, he writes, ‘the possible advantages of seeing Ireland’s greatest poet within a larger framework than the one with which he is usually linked.’ The collection